online hate speech

Hateful words posted online with the purpose of attacking a person or a group on the basis of attributes such as race, religion, ethnic origin, sexual orientation, disability, or gender.

Historical perspective: In May 2019, the Trump administration refused to sign an international accord intended to curb online extremism according to The New York Times. French President Emmanuel Macron and New Zealand  Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern signed the "Christchurch Call" agreement after attacks on mosques in Christchurch, New Zealand were livestreamed on Facebook and spread virally over the internet. Amazon, Facebook, Google, Microsoft, and Twitter all signed the nine-point plan that calls for the companies to take steps like updating their terms of use, identifying checks on livestreaming, sharing technology development, and collaborating on protocols for responding to crises. But the White House said it would no join the endorsement on the ground that it violated free-speech protections.