non-volatile memory

Non-volatile memory is computer memory that can get back stored information even when not powered.

Examples include read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, ferroelectric RAM (F-RAM), most types of magnetic computer storage devices (such as hard disks, floppy disks, optical discs, and magnetic tape), and early computer storage methods such as paper tape and punched cards :-)

Non-volatile memory is typically used for the task of secondary storage, or long-term persistent storage. The most widely used form of primary storage is a volatile form of random access memory (RAM), meaning that when a computer is shut down, anything contained in RAM is lost. Most forms of non-volatile memory have limitations that make them unsuitable for use as primary storage (typically, non-volatile memory either costs more or has a poorer performance than volatile random access memory).