Java

Developed by Sun Microsystems, it is a programming language specifically designed for writing programs that can be safely downloaded through the Internet without fear of viruses or other harm to computers or files.

Using small Java programs called applets, Web pages can include functions such as animations, calculators, and other fancy tricks. Java is a simple, robust, object-oriented, platform-independent, multi-threaded, dynamic, general-purpose programming environment. It is best used for creating applets and applications for intranets, the Internet, and any other complex, distributed network.

Historical perspective: In 2010 Oracle acquired Sun for $7.4 billion.